Batadoba–Lena Cave as a Multidisciplinary Tourism Destination: Integrating Archaeological, Geoheritage, & Astro-Tourism Perspectives for Sustainable Development in Sri Lanka

Batadoba–Lena pre historic cave, a significant geological and cultural heritage site in Sri Lanka, presents a unique opportunity for sustainable tourism development through a multidisciplinary approach. This review synthesizes geological, ecological, archaeological, and socio-economic perspectives to assess the cave’s potential as a sustainable ecotourism destination. Geologically, the cave’s karst formations offer insights into paleoclimatic conditions, while its biodiversity, including endemic troglobitic species, underscores its ecological importance. Archaeologically, the site contains prehistoric artifacts including fossils, reflecting its historical and anthropological value. However, unregulated tourism poses risks such as habitat degradation, vandalism, and cultural erosion. By integrating geoconservation and pale conservation strategies, community-based tourism frameworks, and policy recommendations, this study proposes a holistic management model that balances conservation with socio-economic benefits. The findings emphasize the necessity of stakeholder collaboration, scientific monitoring, and adaptive governance to ensure the long-term sustainability of Batadoba–Lena Cave as a heritage tourism site. Since 2013, the research team at Eco Astronomy Inc. has extensively supported the Sri Lankan government in developing a sustainable tourist approach for the Batadombalena cave site. Their efforts aim to provide visitors with a comprehensive understanding of ecotourism, archaeotourism, adventure tourism, and astrotourism, ensuring a well-rounded and enriching experience while preserving the site’s ecological and cultural heritage. This multidisciplinary perspective provides a replicable framework for similar ecologically sensitive regions, contributing to global discourse on sustainable heritage tourism.